bet365新网址体育彩票和刮刮乐

撰文 | Frank Wilczek

翻译 | 胡风、梁丁当

汉文版

在量子物理中，唯有对粒子的动量信息保持无知，才有可能获取它的位置信息。

在乔治·奥威尔（George Orwell）的演义《1984》中，有一句诞妄的口号“无知即力量”。这句口号是乔治 · 奥威尔笔下老套狠毒的政权的潜入缩影。要是把它精巧地调度一下，改成“无知或为力量”，那这句新的口号就成了如今科技前沿的机动写真。要是咱们能聪慧地运用无知，它不错成为一种超才调，使咱们的感官更是非（通过测量仪器），念念维更清朗（通过计较机）。

这条口号看似针锋相对，其根源却在于量子现实的本色，它从根蒂上对咱们所了解的落拓物体的特质施加了限度。要是咱们掌持所相关于物体状况的表面常识，那么咱们就能够准确地预计，在测量物体的位置与畅通速率时，它出当今某个方位以及具有某个速率的概率。然则，凭证量子表面，位置的疲塌度与动量的疲塌度的乘积必须大于一个极限值。这即是海森堡不细目性旨趣。

当今，假定咱们要精准地测量某个物体的位置，以探伤引力波引起的轻细的时空诬蔑。为了最大限制地减少位置测量的舛错，同期不违背海森堡旨趣，咱们需要尽可能地加多动量的疲塌度。这种测量艺术被称为“量子压缩”，它是刻下热点的前沿揣摸边界。

要想制造出性能优厚的量子计较机，最主要的苦恼在于怎么让它长久保持对我方的状况一无所知。经典计较机在运行历程中会经过一系列的“位置”，每个位置由一串0和1构成的字符所编码,其中的0和1代表晶体管的两种状况。与之相对的是，量子计较机的计较单位就像量子粒子雷同，它不错同期处在通盘这些位置上。

皇冠信用网地址

要想确保量子计较机能够可靠地运行，这种位置的疲塌性是必要的。因为唯有这么，计较机才能在动量疲塌度较小的情况下准确地引申下一步步调。要是计较机不测表示了位置漫步的信息，就会裁汰位置的疲塌度。凭证不细目性旨趣，这势必会导致动量疲塌度升高，从而繁芜步调引申的可靠性。

在我刚开动念念考怎么运用量子寰宇的不细目性——某种进程上，也不错被称为“无知”——的时辰，我一经以为这是量子寰宇尽头的奇特表象。但我逐渐说明到这是一个更为粗豪的见识，它了了地揭示了咱们与周围寰宇相通的许多神志其实并不疏漏。

体育彩票和刮刮乐

比如，让咱们想一想咱们频繁是何如鉴别出某个东谈主的。当光子投射到视网膜上，尔后经大脑处理产生的图像会受到诸多身分的影响，比如这个东谈主的位置、朝向、她是否被其它物体装束、她的穿戴等等。尽管如斯，咱们仍然能够判断出“这是贝茜”。昭彰，在这个历程中咱们选拔性地忽略了许多细节，而这么作念是故意的。

www.crownsportsbooktips.com

还有一个问题也走漏着无知的价值 ：为什么不是通盘东谈主齐有竣工的音准呢？在咱们的内耳中，有一双小小的“反向钢琴”。它们通过拨动特定的键（执行上是特定的毛发）来对特定的调子产生反馈。通过这种神志，耳朵不错鸠合到通盘的信息，但唯有小数一部分东谈主能够整个运用它们。关于咱们这些莫得竣工音准的东谈主来说，简略大脑在运作时，不测志地“选拔”了无知——淡薄那些调子的信息，好让咱们专注于愈加灵验的信息上。

在圣经故事中，亚当和夏娃因为吃了“差异善恶树”上的果实而受到管制。无论你何如看待这个故事，它齐机动地教唆咱们 ：无知是一项值得钟情的选拔。

英文版

bet365新网址皇冠信用盘如何开户皇冠客服飞机：@seo3687

The Scientific Value of Ignorance

In quantum physics, maximizing knowledge of a particle’s location requires fuzziness about its momentum, and vice versa.

In George Orwell’s novel “1984,” “Ignorance is Strength” is a shocking slogan that epitomizes a corrupt and sinister regime. But in a more nuanced form, “Ignorance can be Strength,” it is an apt slogan for some cutting-edge science. Used wisely, ignorance can be a superpower that makes our senses more acute and our minds more capacious(through measuring devices and computers, respectively).

这段执法记录仪画面中，一个戴着头盔的男子坐在地上，边上还有不少围观的人。

杭州亚运会门票价格从20至1000元不等，其中60%以上的票价不超过100元，平均票价不超过160元。

菠菜 平台能杉德充值

This seeming paradox is rooted in the nature of quantum reality, which imposes a fundamental limitation on our knowledge of the properties of any object. Given perfect theoretical knowledge of an object’s state, we can predict probabilities for where it will be found and how fast it will be seen to move, if we measure those things. But according to quantum theory, when we multiply the fuzziness in predicted position by the fuzziness in predicted momentum, the product cannot get below a definite limit. That is Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.

Now suppose that we’d like to measure the position of a test body very precisely, so that we can detect the tiny distortions of space caused by gravitational waves. To minimize the fuzziness in its position, while remaining in Heisenberg’s good graces, we need to crank up the fuzziness in its momentum. The art of doing this is called “squeezing,” and it is a hot frontier of research.

The main difficulty in making good quantum computers is keeping nature ignorant about what they’re doing. A classical computer runs through a sequence of definite “positions,” each consisting of a series of 0s and 1s that represent the states of its transistors. A quantum computer, like a quantum particle, allows all these positions to coexist.

Fuzziness in position is necessary so that the computer can move reliably, with small fuzziness in “momentum,” to execute the next step in its program. If the computer inadvertently betrays information about its distribution of positions, it will reduce that distribution’s fuzziness and necessarily inject fuzziness into the corresponding momentum, thus making the program’s execution unreliable.

When I first began to think about leveraging ignorance in the quantum world, I considered it to be one of that world’s weird special features. But I’ve come to see it as a much broader idea that illuminates many things about how we deal with the everyday world.

近日，一位知名足球明星粉丝互动过度，不慎泄露个人信息，引起社交媒体热议和关注。如何保护个人信息隐私已经成为全球体育明星们共同关注话题。想要了解关于这方面热门话题新闻，不妨加入皇冠博彩平台，全球一起分享讨论。皇冠网址

Consider, for example, what it means to recognize someone. The underlying pattern of photons that arrives at our retina will be quite different depending on where that person is, how they’re oriented, whether they’re partially hidden behind other objects, what they’re wearing and many other factors. But in concluding “It’s Betsy,” we choose to ignore all that, and that’s obviously a useful thing to do.

Why don’t we all have perfect pitch? Within our inner ears we have little inverse pianos that move specific keys(actually, specialized hairs)in response to specific tones. The information is there, but few of us can access it. Those of us who don’t have perfect pitch may have “chosen” ignorance—unconsciously, as our brains got wired up—in order to focus on more generally useful relationships.

Advertisement - Scroll to Continue

Adam and Eve were punished for eating from “the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.” However you take that story, it is a vivid reminder that ignorance is an option worth keeping in mind.

Frank Wilczek

弗兰克·维尔切克是麻省理工学院物理学教授、量子色能源学的奠基东谈主之一。因发现了量子色能源学的渐近摆脱表象，他在2004年获取了诺贝尔物理学奖。

本文经授权转载自微信公众号“蔻享学术”。

特 别 提 示

皇冠hg86a

1. 参加『返朴』微信公众号底部菜单“宏构专栏“，可查阅不同主题系列科普著作。

2. 『返朴』提供按月检索著作功能。柔软公众号，回应四位数构成的年份+月份，如“1903”，可获取2019年3月的著作索引，依此类推。